At higher levels of blood pressure, vessels dilate which results in elevated tensile stress on the vascular wall, in accordance with LaPlace’s Law of circumferential wall rigidity (Nichols and O’Rourke, 2005). Thickening of the arterial wall occurring with arterial remodeling reduces tensile stress. VSMCs of adults do not synthesize new elastin but mainly non-elastic collagen resulting in stiffening of the vascular wall . Closely associated to the degradation of ECM, the deposition of calcium minerals further contributes to stiffening and remodeling of vascular tissue (Blaha et al., 2009; Sekikawa et al., 2012). Arterial remodeling refers back to the myriad of structural and useful adjustments of the vascular wall that occur in response to illness, harm, or getting older. Although arterial remodeling may be considered a mechanism that naturally occurs with getting older, early arterial remodeling is related to significant hemodynamic changes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arterial remodeling is set into movement by a variety of advanced pathophysiological mechanisms that are carefully interrelated, and that affect each the mobile and non-mobile parts of the vascular wall.
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